ArbitrumDAO FAQs
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Governance architecture
What is the Arbitrum Foundation? What is its relationship to the ArbitrumDAO?
The Arbitrum Foundation is a company that operates in service of — and is governed by — ArbitrumDAO. For details, see transparency report.
What's the state of the decentralization of the DAO governed Arbitrum chains?
Arbitrum chains' state of decentralization comes down to roughly three things: chain ownership, validation, and sequencing. For the DAO-governed chains, the DAO has the ability to modify the status of these things; for the current status of Arbitrum One and Arbitrum Nova, see "state of progressive dentralization.".
Who gets the transaction fees on Arbitrum One and Nova?
On Arbitrum One, all fee profits are collected by the ArbitrumDAO; a portion of fees are sent to the Sequencer, but only to refund the Sequencer the price it pays for posting batches on L1.
Arbitrum Nova works similarly, except a portion of the profits are sent to the Data Availability Committee (DAC).
For more, see "fee distribution."
Will there ever be more than the two current ArbitrumDAO governed chains (Arbitrum One and Nova)?
It's up to the DAO; the DAO has license to deploy new governed L2 chains via a core Governance proposal.
Why are there there two "governor" contracts, "Core" and "Treasury"? What's the difference?
The Core Governor handles Constitutional AIPs; these can modify core, critical parts of the system, and are executed only after a delay, ensuring users have a window to withdraw before they effectuate. The Treasury Governor handles non-constitutional changes, like distributing funds out of the ArbitrumDAO Treasury; these are effectuated faster than core governance proposals.
Why can't the ArbitrumDAO use social forms of governance like Ethereum? Why does L2 governance need to be on-chain?
Layer 1 chains like Ethereum are ultimately governed by social consensus. L2s like Arbitrum One, by contrast, derive their security from smart contracts on L1; thus, changes to the core system need to made explicitly via on-chain smart contract upgrade. See "Why Governance" for more.
Where can I find the smart contracts that power ArbitrumDAO's governance mechanisms?
See here for the codebase and here for the deployment addresses.
What is the relationship between Orbit chains and the ArbitrumDAO?
Orbit chains are Arbitrum chains that run on Arbitrum Nitro software as Child chains on top of other chains. Orbit chains themselves can be deployed permissionlessly, but should follow the Arbitrum Orbit license.
What's the difference between on-chain actions and off-chain actions?
On-chain governance actions are actions that are actuated directly by the governance smart contracts of the ArbitrumDAO as transactions on a blockchain. Off-chain governance actions are actions that are actuated by other means, i.e., updating node software (not smart contracts).
What does it mean for an ARB voter to "exclude" their votes? Why is this functionality beneficial?
An $ARB holder can exclude their votes by delegating to a special exclude address (0x00000000000000000000000000000000000a4b86). This means their tokens' votes won't count in the denominator for the qualification threshold in the Nominee Selection phase of the Security Council elections. This is useful to prevent "artificially" inflating the quorum requirement for token holder that can't or don't plan on voting. The primary user case for the exclude address is the ArbitrumDAO Treasury, which is currently the largest single holder of $ARB and is delegated to the exclude address, but any address capable of delegating can opt to delegate to the exclude address as well.
$ARB token and airdrop
Is the $ARB airdrop still live?
No; the $ARB airdrop ended at L1 Ethereum block 18208000 (9/24/23).
What happened to all of the $ARB tokens that didn't get claimed in the airdrop?
After the end of the airdrop, unclaimed $ARB tokens were sent to the DAO; i.e., they were transferred to the ArbitrumDAO Treasury.
What are the tokenomics of the ARB token? Is it inflationary?
$ARB was created with an initial supply of 10 Billion. The DAO can choose to increase the supply by at most 2% per year via a core proposal; March 15, 2024 will be first date on which one of these minting events becomes possible.
Where can I find a breakdown of the $ARB token eligibility and distribution details?
What purpose does the $ARB token serve?
The $ARB token is the governance token of the ArbitrumDAO. Holders of $ARB can vote (or Delegate their votes to others) on-chain to enact changes to the DAO-governed chains, distribute funds from the ArbitrumDAO Treasury, elect new members of the Security Council, and more.
When we say that $ARB is native to the Arbitrum One chain, what does "native" mean?
"Native" here means that the $ARB token contract on Arbitrum One is the canonical one; this means that supply in the Arbitrum One $ARB contract always represents the total circulating supply. Generally, the experience of bridging or otherwise interacting with $ARB will, from a user perspective, be similar to the UX of using an L1-native token bridged to Arbitrum.
Security council
What is the purpose of the Security Council?
TheSecurity Council's primary responsibility is to act quickly to fix critical vulnerabilities in DAO-governed chains. The Security Council can also initiate Non-emergency actions.
How are members of the Security Council elected?
Members of the Security Council are split into two six-member cohorts, one of which is up for on-chain election every twelve months.
See here for more info.
What's the difference between Security Council Emergency Actions and Non-Emergency Actions?
Emergency actions are actions taken by the Security Council in response to a security emergency, such as a critical vulnerability that could significantly compromise the integrity, confidentiality, or availability of a chain governed by the ArbitrumDAO. They require 9 of the 12 Security Council members to sign, and the are executed immediately. At the appropriate time, emergency actions are to be followed by a Transparency report.
Non-emergency actions are routine actions taken by the Security Council, such as software upgrades and maintenance. They require signatures from 9 of 12 Security Council members. They take effect after a delay of at least 18 days, ensuring users can withdraw their funds prior to execution.
Information about non-emergency actions is to be provided by the Security Council prior to the action being submitted on chain.
If a member of the Security Council isn't fulfilling their duties, what options does the DAO have?
If the DAO deems that a member of the Security Council isn't adequately fulfilling their duties and needs to be replaced, there are several options, in increasing order of urgency of the situation:
- Each seat in the Security Council is up for election once in two years; the DAO can wait until the next appropriate election to vote the member out then.
- At any time, the DAO can submit a proposal to remove a member of the Security Council.
- A threshold of 9 members of the Security Council can remove a member without an additional vote or delay.
Governance proposals
How are AIPs created and voted on?
Arbitrum Improvement Proposal (AIP)s are created by suggesting them on the ArbitrumDAO governance forum and discussing/debating them for 1 week. AIPs should be accompanied by an off-chain vote, e.g. a temperature check on Snapshot, which can only be submitted by an address with at least 500,000 Votable tokens. If an AIP receives sufficient support at this stage, it moves on to an on-chain voting process, where holders of votable tokens (or the delegates that those holders have delegated their tokens' voting power to) can formally vote on the proposal.
What are the requirements for submitting a proposal?
Proposal can be submitted by a Delegate who meets the proposal threshold of 1 million votes; this requirement exists to mitigate spam.
What determines the "quorum" (minimum votes required) for a governance proposal?
A proposal submitted to the Core Governor contract requires 50% of delegated tokens to vote ‘For’ and/or ‘Abstain’ (within the range of 150m to 450m $ARB); and one submitted to the Treasury Governor requires 40% of delegated tokens tokens (within the range of 100m to 300m $ARB) to vote ‘For’ and/or ‘Abstain’. "Delegated tokens" represents the total amount of $ARB participating in governance and available for voting.
Why is there a delay between a proposal "passing" (getting enough votes) and actually taking effect? Why can't it take effect right away?
For Core Governor proposals, the delay (at least 18 days) after the voting period ends exists to ensure that even after a proposal passes, users have an opportunity to withdraw their funds before the proposal takes effect.
Why does the DAO have "14-16" days to vote on proposals? What causes this two-day range?
Proposals have a Voting period of at least 14 days. When and if Quorum is reached, delegates are guaranteed to have at least two more days to vote. Thus, if quorum is reached in the day 12 - day 14 range, the voting period ends in the day 14 - day 16 range.
Where can I see a list of all ArbitrumDAO governance proposals?
Visit the on-chain governance UI!
https://alt.gov.arbitrum.foundation/proposals
Delegation
Are there any monetary incentives for being a delegate?
Generally no, but it depends. It’s worth checking whether there is an active Delegate Incentive Program being run by the DAO, and whether you would qualify.
How do I assign my voting power to a delegate?
Visit this page, find the delegate you want to have represent you, and follow the prompts!
What are the requirements for being a delegate?
There are none (technically)! You just have to own $ARB and/or appeal to the community on why they should choose you to represent them when voting on proposals in governance.
How do I become a delegate?
An ArbitrumDAO delegate is anyone to whom an $ARB holder has delegated votes. So to become a delegate, you can either get an $ARB holder to delegate their votes to you, or, if you hold $ARB, you can delegate votes to yourself.
Can I delegate my voting power to more than one delegate?
No; each address can delegate its voting power to one delegate.